UniPercept: Towards Unified Perceptual-Level Image Understanding across Aesthetics, Quality, Structure, and Texture

Shuo Cao^*, Jiayang Li^*, Xiaohui Li, Yuandong Pu, Kaiwen Zhu, Yuanting Gao, Siqi Luo, Yi Xin, Qi Qin, Yu Zhou, Xiangyu Chen, Wenlong Zhang, Bin Fu, Yu Qiao, Yihao Liu^†

University of Science and Technology of China   Shanghai AI Laboratory   Peking University

* Equal contribution   † Corresponding author

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⭐️ More Research:

• ArtiMuse: Fine-Grained Image Aesthetics Assessment with Joint Scoring and Expert-Level Understanding

🚀 News & Updates

• [Dec 29, 2025] 🔥 Official Release
  • Technical Report
  • Project Page
  • UniPercept-Bench: A comprehensive evaluation suite for perceptual-level MLLMs, spanning Image Aesthetics Assessment (IAA), Image Quality Assessment (IQA), and Image Structure & Texture Assessment (ISTA) across Visual Rating (VR) and Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks.
  • UniPercept: A powerful baseline MLLM specialized for perceptual image understanding, optimized via Domain-Adaptive Pre-Training and Task-Aligned RL.

🌟 Abstract

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in visual understanding tasks such as visual grounding, segmentation, and captioning. However, their ability to perceive perceptual-level image features remains limited. In this work, we present UniPercept-Bench, a unified framework for perceptual-level image understanding across three key domains: Aesthetics, Quality, and Structure and Texture. We establish a hierarchical definition system and construct large-scale datasets to evaluate perceptual-level image understanding. Based on this foundation, we develop a strong baseline UniPercept trained via Domain-Adaptive Pre-Training and Task-Aligned RL, enabling robust generalization across both Visual Rating (VR) and Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks. UniPercept outperforms existing MLLMs on perceptual-level image understanding and can serve as a plug-and-play reward model for text-to-image generation. This work defines Perceptual-Level Image Understanding in the era of MLLMs and, through the introduction of a comprehensive benchmark together with a strong baseline, provides a solid foundation for advancing perceptual-level multimodal image understanding.

📊 UniPercept-Bench

We introduce UniPercept-Bench, a systematic benchmark for perceptual image understanding:

• Comprehensive Coverage: Spans 3 domains (IAA, IQA, ISTA), 17 categories, and 43 criteria.

• Perceptual Tasks: Supports both Visual Rating (VR) and Visual Question Answering (VQA).

  Performance on UniPercept-Bench-VR

  
  Performance on UniPercept-Bench-VQA (IAA)

  
  Performance on UniPercept-Bench-VQA (IQA)

  
  Performance on UniPercept-Bench-VQA (ISTA)

  

  🎨 Applications

  UniPercept As Reward

  UniPercept can be used as a powerful reward model for post-training Text-to-Image (T2I) models. By integrating UniPercept rewards into the training of FLUX.1-dev, we observe significant improvements in aesthetic quality, structural richness, and prompt adherence.

  

  UniPercept As Metrics

  UniPercept can serve as an perceptual-level metric that assesses the quality of outputs from any model producing images, covering three complementary dimensions: IAA, IQA, and ISTA.

  

  🖼️ UniPercept-Constructed Image Profiles

  UniPercept performs comprehensive perceptual-level image analysis, delivering accurate visual ratings across the IAA, IQA, and ISTA dimensions, along with fine-grained multi-dimensional analytical outputs that together form a detailed image profile.

  

  ✏️ Citation

  If you find UniPercept useful for your research, please consider citing our work:

  text Copy

  @misc{cao2025uniperceptunifiedperceptuallevelimage,
        title={UniPercept: Towards Unified Perceptual-Level Image Understanding across Aesthetics, Quality, Structure, and Texture}, 
        author={Shuo Cao and Jiayang Li and Xiaohui Li and Yuandong Pu and Kaiwen Zhu and Yuanting Gao and Siqi Luo and Yi Xin and Qi Qin and Yu Zhou and Xiangyu Chen and Wenlong Zhang and Bin Fu and Yu Qiao and Yihao Liu},
        year={2025},
        eprint={2512.21675},
        archivePrefix={arXiv},
        primaryClass={cs.CV},
        url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.21675}, 
  }
  
  @misc{cao2025artimusefinegrainedimageaesthetics,
        title={ArtiMuse: Fine-Grained Image Aesthetics Assessment with Joint Scoring and Expert-Level Understanding}, 
        author={Shuo Cao and Nan Ma and Jiayang Li and Xiaohui Li and Lihao Shao and Kaiwen Zhu and Yu Zhou and Yuandong Pu and Jiarui Wu and Jiaquan Wang and Bo Qu and Wenhai Wang and Yu Qiao and Dajuin Yao and Yihao Liu},
        year={2025},
        eprint={2507.14533},
        archivePrefix={arXiv},
        primaryClass={cs.CV},
        url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14533}, 
  }